Any 1911 fans on the board?

[Petey]

<BLOCKQUOTE class="ip-ubbcode-quote"><div class="ip-ubbcode-quote-title">quote:</div><div class="ip-ubbcode-quote-content">Originally posted by PARAGON:
<BLOCKQUOTE class="ip-ubbcode-quote"><div class="ip-ubbcode-quote-title">quote:</div><div class="ip-ubbcode-quote-content">Originally posted by Toadies:
<BLOCKQUOTE class="ip-ubbcode-quote"><div class="ip-ubbcode-quote-title">quote:</div><div class="ip-ubbcode-quote-content">Originally posted by PARAGON:
BLAH BLAH BLAH BLATHER BLATHER BLATHER </div></BLOCKQUOTE>

the basis of your arguements throughout this thread is the military adopted the M9 due to a perceived lacking in range and accuracy on with the 1911. you are wrong and very stupid to keep blathering your bull**** opining about what does not constitute a valid tactical situation. again, you = wannabe CQB man..

You are the only one who is dazzled with your pretend military experience and tactical expertise. Most LEs and operators would laugh at your dumbass as most likely half this board is not counting your sackriders.

</div></BLOCKQUOTE>Ok </div></BLOCKQUOTE>

Another stunning comeback from PARAQUEER..

PARAQUEER ladies and gentlemen....

[PARAGON]

Meh

[Mr. I - Man]

Hey toad sh*t it is very obvious that you don't know dick about the armed forces. USMC S/S does not stand for anything secret agent or service related. It stands for Marine Scout Sniper. One Shot One Kill. OOH RAH

[Efrain]

<BLOCKQUOTE class="ip-ubbcode-quote"><div class="ip-ubbcode-quote-title">quote:</div><div class="ip-ubbcode-quote-content">Originally posted by Mr. I - Man:
Hey toad sh*t it is very obvious that you don't know dick about the armed forces. USMC S/S does not stand for anything secret agent or service related. It stands for Marine Scout Sniper. One Shot One Kill. OOH RAH </div></BLOCKQUOTE>

Well said I-man!
you go that Camel Toadie?

[Petey]

<BLOCKQUOTE class="ip-ubbcode-quote"><div class="ip-ubbcode-quote-title">quote:</div><div class="ip-ubbcode-quote-content">Originally posted by Mr. I - Man:
Hey toad sh*t it is very obvious that you don't know dick about the armed forces. USMC S/S does not stand for anything secret agent or service related. It stands for Marine Scout Sniper. One Shot One Kill. OOH RAH </div></BLOCKQUOTE>

except he wasn't a real marine so that is all bull****..

hoo haw.....

[Petey]

I WIN!!!!1

[Humgirl&guy]

Here in canada we cannot carry handguns, Just shotguns and beer!

[DennisAJC]

Where aboots in Canada are you from????

[Humgirl&guy]

near toronto ontario

[Petey]

<BLOCKQUOTE class="ip-ubbcode-quote"><div class="ip-ubbcode-quote-title">quote:</div><div class="ip-ubbcode-quote-content">Originally posted by Humgirl&guy:
Here in canada we cannot carry handguns, Just shotguns and beer! </div></BLOCKQUOTE>

Bull****..

Julian does it all the time on TPBs...

[h2co-pilot]

Humtranny = Cahootananny

[Humgirl&guy]

<BLOCKQUOTE class="ip-ubbcode-quote"><div class="ip-ubbcode-quote-title">quote:</div><div class="ip-ubbcode-quote-content">Originally posted by Petey:
<BLOCKQUOTE class="ip-ubbcode-quote"><div class="ip-ubbcode-quote-title">quote:</div><div class="ip-ubbcode-quote-content">Originally posted by Humgirl&guy:
Here in canada we cannot carry handguns, Just shotguns and beer! </div></BLOCKQUOTE>

Bull****..

Julian does it all the time on TPBs... </div></BLOCKQUOTE>

On TPBs.....what is that!!!

[Andy C]

Interesting thread - all I want to know is this - all you guys spouting off about distances and trajectorys and dependability and ease of use and guns blowing up in your hands when they are needed most - have any of you actually ever been involved in a CIVILLIAN situation where you actually needed to pull and fire a weapon.

Just out of interest.

I have fired hundreds of rounds through my Ruger P90 and it never blew up on me - what are the chances of this happening on the one occassion that I might possibly need to use it in anger - pretty slim I would imagine.

Any gun is only as effective as the person behind it.

[PARAGON]

Yeah, I have one of those bricks with a trigger. 'cept mine is a P91. It's a stash gun in the house and not much more as I never really fell in love with shooting it.

[Beastmaster]

<BLOCKQUOTE class="ip-ubbcode-quote"><div class="ip-ubbcode-quote-title">quote:</div><div class="ip-ubbcode-quote-content">Originally posted by Andy C H2 hasbeen:
Interesting thread - all I want to know is this - all you guys spouting off about distances and trajectorys and dependability and ease of use and guns blowing up in your hands when they are needed most - have any of you actually ever been involved in a CIVILLIAN situation where you actually needed to pull and fire a weapon.

Just out of interest.

I have fired hundreds of rounds through my Ruger P90 and it never blew up on me - what are the chances of this happening on the one occassion that I might possibly need to use it in anger - pretty slim I would imagine.

Any gun is only as effective as the person behind it. </div></BLOCKQUOTE>

Well, that's my argument. A brand name pistol (Ruger, Glock, S&W, Colt, Kimber, H&K, Sig, Kahr, Walther, Wilson, etc.) will be one of those that you can trust your life on. I want to know that the pistol (when kept in even somewhat deplorable conditions) will fire a round when I pull the trigger.

As for being in a Civilian situation in which I needed to unholster my sidearm - no. In a past professional situation, yes, I have had to unholster my sidearm or utilize and present a long gun.

I can definitely say (with some level of pride, I might add) that I have NEVER had to fire my sidearm (or any long gun for that matter) in self defense or in the defense of a third party. I sincerely hope I never have to, or be placed into a situation in which I do have to defend myself or defend a third party.

And you bring up a good point - if the person behind the pistol is effective in defusing the situation without pulling the trigger, that shows that it's the person being effective - the pistol is just a tool to help present and project the effectiveness of that person at a short range distance.

BTW - I would recommend against utilizing your verbage that you just posted. Firing in anger is not a good thing...nor is it good for a jury to hear either.

[Andy C]

Good point - "in anger" was just quicker to type than "in self defense or in the defense of a third party". The use of the word anger in front of a judge is going to make you look pretty stupid.

[PARAGON]

<Table>
<H2><FONT size=5>One-Shot Drops
Surviving the Myth</FONT>
By ANTHONY J.
PINIZZOTTO, Ph.D., HARRY A. KERN, M.Ed., and EDWARD F. DAVIS, M.S.</H2>


<FONT
face="TimesNewRomanPSMT,Times New Roman,Times,serif">O</FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">n a summer evening in the
northeastern part of the United States, a patrol officer received a radio
dispatch at approximately 7 p.m. to respond to an address for a disorderly
subject. The officer arrived at the location and parked his patrol vehicle on
the opposite side of the street, several houses away. Before exiting the
vehicle, the officer paused to observe the scene. He saw a male move from behind
a large tree in front of the address of the alleged disorderly subject. The
officer started to exit his vehicle, but then stopped </FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">when he saw the male, with a
gun in each hand, begin to run toward him. The man fired both weapons at the
officer, who returned two rounds from his service weapon, striking the male in
the center of his chest. However, the man continued to fire. One round struck
the officer in the head, killing him instantly. The male survived the two
gunshot wounds and later was convicted of killing the officer. </FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">This scenario is a collage of
several cases dealing with the use of deadly force, by and against law
enforcement, that </FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">the authors have examined over
the last decade. Studying these cases and interacting with officers attending
the FBI National Academy,</FONT><SUP><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">1</FONT></SUP><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif"> who have experienced similar
incidents in their own agencies, have led them to question if officers have died
because of any of the following factors: </FONT></P>
<UL>
<LI><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">The type of weapon
issued to the officer.</FONT>

<LI><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">The type of
ammunition the department issued for service rounds.</FONT>

<LI><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">The lack or quality
of self-defensive training provided to the officer.</FONT>
<LI>Overconfidence because the officer was wearing a bullet-resistant vest and,
thereby, took unnecessary chances.
<LI>The officer’s own preparation for a violent encounter, such as wearing a
bullet-resistant vest or remaining in excellent physical condition.
<LI>The officer’s choice to notify dispatch of the location during a traffic
stop or other encounter with suspects.
<LI>ny other circumstances presently unknown to the officer’s department.
<P align=left>In the opening scenario, did the officer “hesitate” after firing
the two rounds that struck the offender? Was he instructed to “double tap” and
pause, as many departments once trained?</P>
<P align=left>The authors have learned from their research on law enforcement
safety that there exists a significant hesitancy on the part of many officers to
use deadly force. However, they have not determined the reason for either the
hesitation or why officers stop shooting before they neutralize the threat. One
question they can answer is that handguns used for protection by law enforcement
are capable of immediately eliminating a deadly threat quickly.
However, the fact largely remains that bullet placement, rather than caliber,
causes immediate stop-page of body functions in most instances. 2</P>
<P align=center>With all of this in mind, then, if officers are adequately
armed, what causes them to fall victim to criminals wielding less powerful
weapons? An examination of the myth of the “one-shot drop,” data relative to the
type of weapons offenders have used to attack officers, and effective survival
and firearms training may help law enforcement agencies begin to reverse this
tragic trend.

</P></LI>[/list]
<P align=left>
In many of the classic, albeit simplistic, cowboy movies from
the early days of the American film industry, the stereotypical “good guys” wore
white hats, whereas the “bad guys” donned black ones. After meeting in the
middle of a dirt street in some small town, two shots would ring out. The bad
guy’s bullet always missed, but the one from the hero in the white hat
inevitably found its mark and freed the town of the criminal threat. With one
shot from the good guy’s gun, the bad guy immediately dropped to the ground and
became completely incapacitated.</P>
<P align=left><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">In today’s films and television
programs, Hollywood has varied not only the clothing of the actors but also
their standards and demeanor, both the good guys and the bad guys. It now has
become difficult to distinguish the protagonist from the antagonist.
Unfortunately, however, this increased realism has not always carried over to
the portrayal of gun battles. Many current shooting scenes continue to display
unrealistic reactions and underlying expectations regarding ballistic effects.
For example, one shot from a handgun often lifts the wounded person 2 feet off
the ground and causes immediate incapacitation. </FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">Even knowing that these are
movies and television programs, some in the law enforcement community still
expect one-shot drops in real-life shootings. In fact, few actual instances end
this way. </FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">Realistic and regular law
enforcement training must counterbalance and mentally and emotionally override
the fallacy of the one-shot drop still promoted by some media. Short of
disrupting the brain or severing the upper spinal column, immediate
incapacitation does not occur.</FONT><SUP><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">3</FONT></SUP><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif"> Therefore, the threat remains
to the officer. Yet, implicit in the media presentations of law enforcement
encounters is the belief that with the </FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">“proper handgun” and the
“proper ammunition,” officers will inflict immediate incapacitation if they
shoot offenders anywhere in the torso. Varied and multiple real-life law
enforcement experiences contradict this false and dangerous belief. </FONT></P>
<H3 align=left><FONT
face=TimesNewRoman,Bold,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>Actual Shootings
</FONT></H3>
<P align=left><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">In the authors’ ongoing study
of violence against law enforcement officers, they have examined several cases
where officers used large-caliber hand guns with limited effect displayed by the
offenders. In one case, the subject attacked the officer with a knife. The
officer shot the individual four times in the chest; then, his weapon
malfunctioned. The offender continued to walk toward the officer. After the
officer cleared his weapon, he fired again and struck the subject in the chest.
</FONT><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">Only then did the
offender drop the knife. This individual was hit five times with 230-grain,
.45-caliber hollow-point ammunition and never fell to the ground. The offender
later stated, “The wounds felt like bee stings.” </FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">In another
case, officers fired six .40-caliber, hollow-point rounds at a subject who
pointed a gun at them. Each of the six rounds hit the individual with no visible
effect. The seventh round severed his spinal cord, and the offender fell to the
ground, dropping his weapon. This entire firefight was captured by several
officers’ in-car video cameras. </FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">In a final case, the subject
shot the victim officer in the chest with a handgun and fled. The officer,
wearing a bullet-resistant vest, returned gunfire. The officer’s partner
observed the incident and also fired at the offender. Subsequent investigation
determined that the individual was hit 13 times and, yet, ran several blocks to
a gang member’s house. He later said, “I was so scared by all those shots; it
sounded like the Fourth of July.” Again, according to the subject, his wounds
“only started to hurt when I woke up in the hospital.” The officers had used
9-millimeter, department-issued ammunition. The surviving officers re ported
that they felt vulnerable. </FONT></P>


<FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">They wondered if they
had done some thing wrong that caused their injury or placed them in the
proximity of physical danger. They also wondered if they would react differently
if faced with a similar situation. </FONT></P>
<H3><FONT face=TimesNewRoman,Bold,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>Practical
Expectations </FONT></H3>


<FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">Social science discloses that
if people expect to see something, they well may see it. For ex ample, in basic
psychology courses, instructors generally include the perceptual set theory,
which shows students a picture. Although exactly the same picture, it appears to
some as an old woman, whereas others see a young </FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">woman. People often see what
they expect to see. This explains why so many sightings of the Loch Ness
“monster” turn out to be floating logs. </FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">Officers’ expectations of how
they will respond when shot significantly affect their reactions to these
situations. Development of advanced, practical expectations may be</FONT> <FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">influenced best by clarifying
misconceptions and imparting new knowledge during purpose-driven training
concerning the topic. Absent a clear, purposeful understanding of the session’s
training objectives, little influential and practical learning can occur.
Further, lack of purposeful training may prove detrimental to an officer’s
practical </FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">expectations, psychological
preparation, and capabilities when employing complex tasks in response to the
significant stressors of a life-threatening, critical incident. </FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">Humans are largely
differentiated from animals through their miraculous ability to develop skills
and abilities to perform multiple, complex tasks simultaneously through
repetitive practice. By necessity of minimizing risk to themselves and others,
officers effectively learn many firearm-use procedures and tactics through a
progressive building-block process. Herein, initial exposure is given to
learning gross and fine motor skills. Some conscious behaviors develop into
subconscious ones. Officers progressively hone skills to a reasonable level of
mastery, then apply them under shorter time constraints during which they must
incorporate and </FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">maintain mental processes of
assessing their surroundings and changing conditions. Trainers need to remain
cognizant of the role that repetition plays in the mental processes reinforced
during training scenarios and courses of fire. From learners’ perspectives,
ideal firearms and tactics training objectives should embrace an achievable
notion that they will learn “something new” about their personal performances,
skill levels, and capabilities with their equipment each time they receive
training. </FONT></P>
<H3><FONT face=TimesNewRoman,Bold,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>THE
DATA</FONT> </H3>
<P align=left><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">To better grasp the scope and
gravity of the myth of the one-shot drop, the authors provide an over view of
felonious, line-of-duty law enforcement officer deaths. From 1993 to 2002, 636
officers were feloniously killed in the line of duty.</FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif" size=1>4 </FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">Offenders used handguns,
ranging from .22 to .50 caliber, to kill 443 of the officers.</FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif" size=1>5 </FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">Forty-five of these victims
were slain with their own </FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">weapons. </FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">Fifty-six of the 443 officers
(12.6 percent) were killed by small-caliber weapons that fire lightweight
bullets at low velocity and included .22, .25, and .32 calibers. Undoubtedly, no
officer would consider any of these firearms as a primary weapon of choice, and
no records indicated that agencies issued any of these to their uniformed patrol
officers. </FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">Concerning the 45 officers
killed with their own weapons, 3 were slain with small-caliber rounds from
backup/off-duty weapons they carried, either .22 or .25 caliber. Twenty-five
</FONT><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">officers (56
percent) were killed with their 9-millimeter or .40 caliber service weapons,
common to law enforcement during the time period examined. The remaining 17
officers were slain with other weapons, including .38 caliber, .357 magnum, 10
millimeter, .44 magnum, and .45 caliber. </FONT></P>


<FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">In two previous studies on
violence against law enforcement officers conducted by the authors, offenders
stated their reason for selecting a particular firearm as availability, 41 per
cent in the first study and 68 percent in the second.</FONT><SUP><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">6</FONT></SUP><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif"> These offenders did not care
about bullet weight or velocity. The majority of the offenders in both studies
had been involved in prior shootings before assaulting or killing the officers.
Their major concern was being “fast on the trigger” and delivering the bullet to
its intended target. One stated, “There’s no time to sight up the gun. If you
hesitate, you’re dead.” </FONT></P>


<FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">Because of the time
needed for adjudicating these offenses, the most recent disposition data
available for offenders involved in line-of-duty law enforcement officer
felonious deaths are for the 10 years 1991 to 2000.</FONT><SUP><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">7</FONT></SUP><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif"> Of the 665 persons charged
with killing a law enforcement officer for this time period, only 9 remained
fugitives. The majority (464) of these individuals </FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">were arrested and convicted of
murder. The victim officers justifiably killed only 23 of their attackers. Other
officers responding to the scene killed an additional 78 offenders. Sixty-two of
the perpetrators committed suicide after killing the officer. In their ongoing
research, the authors are examining if any of these incidents could have started
as an officer-assisted suicide or, more commonly, suicide by cop. </FONT></P>
<H4 align=center><FONT face=Helvetica,Bold,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>Law
Enforcement Officers Feloniously Killed in the Line of Duty with Firearms
1993-2002 </FONT></H4>
<TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="45%" align=center
summary="This table lists Law Enforcement Officers Feloniously Killed in the Line of Duty with Firearms from 1993 through 2002 "
border=0>
</Table>

[PARAGON]

<Table><TBODY>



</P>
<H4 align=center><FONT face=Helvetica,Bold,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>Law
Enforcement Officers Feloniously Killed in the Line of Duty with Firearms
1993-2002 </FONT></H4><TR>
<TH width="28%" height=40><FONT
face=TimesNewRoman,Bold,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>Size of</FONT><FONT
face=TimesNewRoman,Bold,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif> Ammunition</FONT></TH>
<TH width="22%"><FONT
face=TimesNewRoman,Bold,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>Total</FONT><FONT
face=TimesNewRoman,Bold,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif> Slain</FONT></TH>
<TH width="29%"><FONT
face=TimesNewRoman,Bold,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>While Wearing
</FONT><FONT face=TimesNewRoman,Bold,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>Body
Armor</FONT></TH>
<TH width="21%"><FONT face=TimesNewRoman,Bold,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>With
Own </FONT><FONT
face=TimesNewRoman,Bold,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>Weapon</FONT></TH></TR>
<TR>
<TD width="28%"><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">.22
caliber</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="22%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">28</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="29%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">9</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">2</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD width="28%"><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">.25
caliber</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="22%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">18</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="29%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">11</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">1</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD width="28%"><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">.32
caliber</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="22%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">9</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="29%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">6</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">0</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD width="28%"><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">.32-20
caliber</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="22%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">1</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="29%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">0</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">0</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD width="28%"><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">.357
magnum</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="22%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">30</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="29%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">19</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">5</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD width="28%"><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">.38
caliber</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="22%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">65</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="29%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">28</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">5</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD width="28%"><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">.380
caliber</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="22%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">43</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="29%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">24</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">0</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD width="28%"><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">.40
caliber</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="22%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">34</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="29%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">24</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">11</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD width="28%"><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">.41
magnum</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="22%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">1</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="29%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">1</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">0</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD width="28%"><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">.44
magnum</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="22%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">11</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="29%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">7</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">1</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD width="28%"><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">.45
caliber</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="22%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">36</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="29%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">24</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">5</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD width="28%"><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">.455
caliber</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="22%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">1</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="29%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">1</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">0</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD width="28%"><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">.50
caliber</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="22%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">1</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="29%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">1</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">0</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD width="28%"><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">7.62x25
millimeter</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="22%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">1</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="29%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">1</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">0</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD width="28%"><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">9
millimeter</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="22%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">136</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="29%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">65</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">14</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD width="28%"><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">9x18
millimeter</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="22%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">1</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="29%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">1</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">0</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD width="28%"><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">10
millimeter</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="22%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">2</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="29%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">0</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">1</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD width="28%"><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">Size not
reported</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="22%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">25</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="29%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">10</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">0</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD width="28%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">Total</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="22%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">443</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="29%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">232</FONT></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%"><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">45</FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<DIV align=center></DIV>


<FONT face=Helvetica,Italic,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif size=2>Source: U.S.
Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, </FONT><FONT
face=Helvetica,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif size=2>Law Enforcement Officers Killed
and Assaulted, 2002</FONT><FONT
face=Helvetica,Italic,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif size=2> (Washington, DC,
2003).</FONT> </P>
<H4 align=center><FONT
face=Helvetica,Bold,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>Offenders Justifiably Killed or
Committed Suicide</FONT> <FONT
face=Helvetica,Bold,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>1991-2000</FONT></H4>
<DIV align=center>
<TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="52%"
summary="This table lists offenders justifiably killed or committed suicide 1991 - 2000"
border=0>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TH width="17%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face=TimesNewRoman,Bold,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>Year</FONT></DIV></TH>
<TH width="36%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face=TimesNewRoman,Bold,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>Justifiably Killed
</FONT><FONT face=TimesNewRoman,Bold,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>by Victim
Officer</FONT></DIV></TH>
<TH width="26%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face=TimesNewRoman,Bold,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>Justifiably Killed
</FONT><FONT face=TimesNewRoman,Bold,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>by Other
Than Victim</FONT></DIV></TH>
<TH width="21%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face=TimesNewRoman,Bold,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>Committed </FONT><FONT
face=TimesNewRoman,Bold,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>Suicide</FONT></DIV></TH></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="17%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">1991</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD width="36%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">2</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD align=right width="26%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">6</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">5</FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="17%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">1992</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD width="36%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">3</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD align=right width="26%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">6</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">5</FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="17%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">1993</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD width="36%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">2</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD align=right width="26%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">7</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">6</FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="17%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">1994</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD width="36%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">4</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD align=right width="26%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">12</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">9</FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="17%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">1995</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD width="36%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">4</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD align=right width="26%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">5</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">8</FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="17%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">1996</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD width="36%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">1</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD align=right width="26%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">14</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">3</FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="17%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">1997</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD width="36%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">2</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD align=right width="26%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">6</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">12</FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="17%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">1998</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD width="36%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">2</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD align=right width="26%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">11</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">4</FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="17%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">1999</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD width="36%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">0</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD align=right width="26%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">5</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">5</FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="17%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">2000</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD width="36%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">3</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD align=right width="26%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">6</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">5</FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD width="17%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">Total</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD width="36%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">23</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD align=right width="26%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">78</FONT></DIV></TD>
<TD align=right width="21%">
<DIV align=center><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">62</FONT></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>


<FONT face=Helvetica,Italic,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif size=2>Source:
Compiled by members of the FBI’s Criminal Justice Information Services Division
with data from U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of
Investigation,</FONT> <FONT face=Helvetica,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif
size=2>Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted, 2002</FONT><FONT
face=Helvetica,Italic,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif size=2> (Washington, DC, 2003).
</FONT></P>
<P align=left> </P>
<H3 align=left><FONT face=TimesNewRoman,Bold,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>THE
TRAINING </FONT></H3>
<P align=left><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">A firm understanding of what an
officer possibly may expect if shot or severely injured during a violent
confrontation with an adversary remains crucial. This includes heightening an
officer’s aware ness about establishing a survival mind-set and practical
measures to combat reactions </FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">to extreme stress concerning
natural physiological, psychological, and emotional responses that occur in
normal people during abnormal situations. Such training is imperative in
</FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Italic,Times New Roman,Times,serif">conquering</FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif"> survival versus
</FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Italic,Times New Roman,Times,serif">succumbing</FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif"> to an otherwise treatable,
recoverable injury. </FONT></P>
<H3><FONT face=TimesNewRoman,Bold,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>Survival
Training </FONT></H3>


<FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">Effective survival training
should provide a clear under standing of how authorized weapons and ammunition
likely will perform under varying conditions to 1) strengthen officer confidence
in personal skills with equipment and 2) prepare officers to efficiently and
quickly incapacitate/control a threat against life. First and foremost, officers
should possess a working knowledge about terminal ballistic performance of
bullets when fired through intervening obstacles that they, by necessity, may
have to shoot through and penetrate to incapacitate a violent adversary. Some
common intervening obstacles encountered in law enforcement shootings can
include heavy clothing; building materials, such as wood and drywall; automobile
windshield glass; and sheet metal used in vehicle doors. Such obstacles may
alter terminal projectile performance (i.e., the medium may plug or </FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">close the hollow point of a
bullet, making it perform as a ball round or become deformed and, thus, limit
penetration). </FONT></P>


<FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">Officers also should know about
ammunition performance at different, reasonable distances. Such training
promotes greater understanding of agency policy when applied to different
situations encountered in daily work experiences (i.e., when it is reasonable to
shoot, not shoot, or seek alternate methods of self-preservation). Agencies
using firearm ranges of 25 yards or fewer may consider options of periodically
shooting at reduced-size targets, simulating a longer-distance handgun shot.
</FONT></P>


<FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">Finally, officers should
possess a basic understanding of the human anatomy and related system functions
from a three-dimensional perspective. Training should visually convey the
placement and vulnerabilities of the cardiovascular system (heart, lungs, and
blood-bearing organs) and the central nervous system (brain and upper spinal
column). Knowledge of how these human systems likely will respond to
low-velocity projectiles, such as from most hand guns, and high-velocity ones,
such as from high-powered rifles, will augment officer awareness that reactions
to being shot may not occur immediately. Perhaps more important, this
information can help </FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">prevent officers from forming a
false assumption or preconceived expectation that the adversary </FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Italic,Times New Roman,Times,serif">will be</FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif"> rendered immediately harmless
following a well-placed shot from their firearm. </FONT></P>
<P align=center>[img]oct04lebx21x1.jpg[/img] </P>
<H3 align=left><FONT
face=TimesNewRoman,Bold,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>Firearms Training
</FONT></H3>
<P align=left><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">Well-rounded firearms training
programs should include instruction and courses of fire emphasizing fundamentals
of marksmanship and position shooting. However, from a survival aspect,
additional training points require consideration. Examples include alternate
courses of fire that possess phases unfamiliar to the officer, as well as a
preset number of fired rounds, such as routinely employed in qualification
courses and largely gathered for the purpose of establishing a “standard” of
proficiency if needed in litigation. Alternate </FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">courses of fire (e.g.,
specialized combat courses), by design, should reinforce desirable behaviors and
thought processes. Combat courses should necessitate officers shooting until
they incapacitate the threat (target) or the threat ceases. This can help
</FONT><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Italic,Times New Roman,Times,serif">prevent,
rather than encourage</FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">, psychological reinforcement
and presumption that the threat will desist after firing a given number of
rounds. If lethal force is warranted and appropriate under the circumstances,
the officer </FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Italic,Times New Roman,Times,serif">must shoot until the
threat ceases</FONT><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">.
Use of cardboard or paper targets, although economical, inherently forces
personnel to perceive bullet impacts on a single plane of reference with out
dimension—much different from a human simulation with dimension and placement of
organs/skeletal structure of a body. An occasional mix of training on a
three-dimensional target, such as clothed mannequins, preformed targets, and
other devices limited only by imagination, may better demonstrate and encourage
personnel to exercise critical-thinking skills for delivering optimal shot
placement and effective ness. An example is a shooting scenario requiring
accurate shot placement on a three-dimensional target at an adverse angle
substantially different from the usual 90-degree target </FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">placement in many training
scenarios due to range design, safety, and economy of training resource time.
</FONT></P>


<FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">Economical, three-dimensional
reaction targets made of cardboard to resemble a torso are available. These
targets, suspended by heavy string or cord to one or two inflated balloons
inside the body of the device, can become lifelike by placing old clothing, such
as a shirt or jacket, on the exterior. When one or both of the bal loons are
struck by a bullet, the balloon pops and the target drops from its suspended
position. Such an exercise emphasizes that the officer must aim at a distinct
spot on the torso to achieve incapacitation, rather than merely shooting at the
entire target. </FONT></P>


<FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">New technology incorporated
into training simulators portraying lifelike, real-time scenarios permits course
designers to define the zones of immediate or quick incapacitation similar to
the relative area on a human body. Additionally, designers can denote zones of
incapacitation based on the angle and distance of the adversary from the
officer, as well as scenarios representing body armor worn by the adversary.
</FONT></P>
<H3 align=left><FONT
face=TimesNewRoman,Bold,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>CONCLUSION </FONT></H3>
<P align=left><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">Just as in the days of the
American Old West when only </FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">the peace officers’ superb
gun-handling abilities stood between them and the violent outlaws of their time,
today’s law enforcement professionals still must rely on their firearm skills to
protect their communities from similar lawlessness. Employing deadly force
against another human being is not an easy choice, nor should it be. </FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">However,
when an individual is intent on causing grave bodily injury, even death, to
officers sworn to uphold this nation’s laws, those officers must react
responsibly and quickly to protect their communities and to avoid the loss of
innocent lives, as well as their own. </FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">The perpetuation of the
one-shot drop by movies and television programs has no place in the real world
of violent criminals bent on their destructive missions. Officers must realize
</FONT><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif">that they have to
continually hone their survival skills, always expect the unexpected, and never
give up; they must protect themselves to protect their communities. </FONT></P>
<H3 align=left><FONT face=TimesNewRoman,Bold,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif
size=2>Endnotes </FONT></H3>
<P align=left><SUP><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif" size=2>1</FONT></SUP><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif" size=2> The FBI hosts four
10-week sessions each year during which law enforcement executives from around
the world come together to attend classes in various criminal justice subjects.
</FONT></P>
<P align=left><SUP><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif" size=2>2</FONT></SUP><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif" size=2> “Physiologically, a
determined adversary can be stopped reliably and immediately only by a shot that
disrupts the brain or upper spinal cord. Failing to hit the center nervous
system, massive bleeding from holes in the heart, or major blood vessels of the
torso causing circulatory collapse is the only way to force incapacitation upon
an adversary, and this takes time. For example, there is sufficient oxygen
within the brain to support full, voluntary action for 10 to 15 seconds after
the heart has been destroyed.” See U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of
Investigation, Firearms Training Unit, FBI Academy, </FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Italic,Times New Roman,Times,serif" size=2>Handgun Wounding
Factors and Effectiveness</FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif" size=2> (Quantico, VA, July 14,
1989), 8.</FONT> </P>
<P align=left><SUP><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif"
size=2>3</FONT></SUP><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif"
size=2> Ibid. </FONT></P>
<P align=left><SUP><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif" size=2>4</FONT></SUP><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif" size=2> U.S. Department of
Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, </FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Italic,Times New Roman,Times,serif" size=2>Law Enforcement
Officers Killed and Assaulted, 2002 </FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif" size=2>(Washington, DC, 2003).
</FONT></P>
<P align=left><SUP><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif" size=2>5</FONT></SUP><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif" size=2> Members of the FBI’s
Criminal Justice Information Services Division collected and supplied this
information to the authors for this article. </FONT></P>
<P align=left><SUP><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif" size=2>6</FONT></SUP><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif" size=2> U.S. Department of
Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, </FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Italic,Times New Roman,Times,serif" size=2>Killed in the
Line of Duty</FONT><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif"
size=2> (Washington, DC, 1992); and, U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau
of Investigation, National Institute of Justice, </FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Italic,Times New Roman,Times,serif" size=2>In The Line of
Fire: Violence Against Law Enforcement</FONT><FONT
face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif" size=2> (Washington, DC, 1997).
</FONT></P>
<P align=left><SUP><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif"
size=2>7</FONT></SUP><FONT face="TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,serif"
size=2> Supra note 4, 44. </FONT></P></Table>

[Petey]

OMG PARAFAG can't get enough of this thread.....

RAAARRR@!!!!1

[Petey]

<BLOCKQUOTE class="ip-ubbcode-quote"><div class="ip-ubbcode-quote-title">quote:</div><div class="ip-ubbcode-quote-content">Originally posted by Humgirl&guy:
<BLOCKQUOTE class="ip-ubbcode-quote"><div class="ip-ubbcode-quote-title">quote:</div><div class="ip-ubbcode-quote-content">Originally posted by Petey:
<BLOCKQUOTE class="ip-ubbcode-quote"><div class="ip-ubbcode-quote-title">quote:</div><div class="ip-ubbcode-quote-content">Originally posted by Humgirl&guy:
Here in canada we cannot carry handguns, Just shotguns and beer! </div></BLOCKQUOTE>

Bull****..

Julian does it all the time on TPBs... </div></BLOCKQUOTE>

On TPBs.....what is that!!! </div></BLOCKQUOTE>

Trailer Park Boys